Eco/365 Essay example - 628 Words

Supply and Demand simulation LaKeith A. Atkins Sr. ECO/365 February 28, 2013 Watson Ragin Supply and Demand simulation †¢ Identify two microeconomics and two macroeconomics principles or concepts from the simulation. Explain why you have categorized these principles or concepts as macroeconomic or microeconomic. Supply and demand was affected by decreasing the rent to lower the vacancy percentage and maximize revenue for the company. This process is considered a temporary fix on a month-to-month basis and a good example of microeconomics. Another example of microeconomics is when the new company came into town and increased the population along with jobs. The population and job increase suggest they increase rental rates in†¦show more content†¦This adjustment will continue until equilibrium is reached between the new demand curve and original supply curve. At the new equilibrium, the rental rate is higher than before, and the number of apartments demanded and supplied has increase (University of Phoenix, 2003). †¢ How may you apply what you learned about supply and demand from the simulation to your workplace or your understanding of a real-world product with which you are familiar? Supply and demand in my job market is based on attendance. Anytime we are expecting high attendance we order a higher volume of goods. When lower attendance we order a lower volume of goods even though the demand for the good may still be there. The attendance also affects the amount of employee we having working on any giving day. †¢ How do the concepts of microeconomics help you understand the factors that affect shifts in supply and demand on the equilibrium price and quantity? The supply and demand in microeconomics relies on competitors and the prices. The equilibrium is a point at which all the bidding is done. †¢ How do the concepts of macroeconomics help you understand the factors that affect shifts in supply and demand on the equilibrium price and quantity? Macroeconomics showed how the increase in jobs and population affects the increase or decrease on the apartments. Equilibrium rental rate is higher than before, and the number of apartments demanded and supplied has increase †¢ Relating to the simulation,Show MoreRelatedEco/365651 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is an externality? Provide at least three examples. How does one of the examples you provided affect the market outcome? What is the role of government in addressing the implications of an externality you provided as an example? Is it possible that a government’s solution to a market failure would worsen the failure? Explain your answer. Externality is defined as an effect of a decision on a third party not taken into account by the decision maker. There are two types of externalities beingRead MoreEco 3653142 Words   |  13 PagesCourse Design Guide School of Business ECO/365 Version 4 Principles of Microeconomics Copyright  © 2011, 2008, 2007, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides students with the basic theories, concepts, terminology, and uses of microeconomics. Students learn practical applications for microeconomics in their personal and professional lives through assimilation of fundamental concepts and analysis of actual economic events. Policies Read MoreEco 365 Final1137 Words   |  5 PagesFinal Exam University of Phoenix ECO/365 Question One    What is the most important determinant of price elasticity of demand? Why is this so?    Price elasticity that relates to demand is determined by many factors. Price elasticity is measured by the change in price and the response from consumer demand. The demand of a good or service will vary the price in the item. The most important factor to determine the price elasticity of demand is necessity. If a good is a necessity, theRead MoreStudy Guide Eco/3652084 Words   |  9 PagesECO/365 Final Examination Study Guide This study guide prepares you for the Final Examination you complete in the last week of the course. It contains practice questions, which are related to each week’s objectives. Highlight the correct response, and then refer to the answer key at the end of this Study Guide to check your answers. Use each week’s questions as a self-test at the start of a new week to reflect on the previous week’s concepts. When you come across concepts that you are unfamiliarRead Moreeco 365 week syllabus1755 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ Syllabus School of Business ECO/365 Version 4 Principles of Microeconomics Copyright  © 2011, 2008, 2007, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides students with the basic theories, concepts, terminology, and uses of microeconomics. Students learn practical applications for microeconomics in their personal and professional lives through assimilation of fundamental concepts and analysis of actual economic events. Policies FacultyRead Moreeco/365 week 2 individual1293 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Supply and Demand Simulation ECO 365 Supply and Demand Simulation The Supply and Demand simulation was reviewed on the student website demonstrated the concepts of the concepts of microeconomics and macroeconomics. The principles of microeconomics and macroeconomics were explained and applied throughout the simulation demonstrate the rationale for the shifts in the supply and demand curve. Each shift is analyzed showing the effects of the equilibriumRead MoreEssay about Eco/365 Supply and Demand863 Words   |  4 PagesSupply and Demand ECO/365 Supply and Demand The economy is run by the concept of supply and demand. The simulation provided a practical learning experience that brings together the concept of micro and macro economics. I will try to summarize my findings and the inner workings of the concept of supply and demand that the simulation offered. Economics is defined as â€Å"the study of how human beings coordinate their wants and desires, given the decision-making mechanisms, socialRead MoreSupply Demand Paper Eco/3651105 Words   |  5 PagesSupply and Demand Simulation University of Phoenix May 9, 2013 ECO/365 - Principles of Microeconomics The Supply and Demand Simulation consist of microeconomics and macroeconomics concepts. The concepts are explained and how they apply to the principle of microeconomics and macroeconomics. The simulations presents shifts in the supply and demand curve, the rationale for the shift is given. Each shift is analyzed showing the effects of the equilibrium price, quantity, and decision makingRead MoreEco 365 Supply Demand Paper1082 Words   |  5 PagesSupply amp; Demand Simulation Erica Bradford ECO/365 June 19, 2013 Jeremy Alessandro Supply amp; Demand Simulation Goodlife Management is the sole provider of apartments available for rent in the city of Atlantis in which the supply and demand simulation provided by UPOX takes place. The simulation provides excellent, real-life examples of how the supply and demand curves may shift based upon various factors that occur within the market in Atlantis. The following details such examples asRead MoreKudler Fine Food- Eco 365 Essay1106 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiating Between Market Structures in Kudler ECO 365/ Lisa Messemer Sharonda Shelton July 23, 2012 Kudler Foods specializes in providing unique and high quality ingredients for the gourmet chef. In an effort to increase profits, the company is interested in adding catering to its service offerings. The

Conviction Offense and Prison Violence Free Essays

Conviction offense and prison violence The study of the above statement by John Sorensen and mark D. Cunningham reveals that the disciplinary data done in 2003, involving 51,527 inmates who were serving sentences in the department of corrections of Florida and of the 51,527 involved to generate that data, 9,586 were homicide convicts charged on different degrees of homicide. The homicide convicts were amongst those researched on in respect to their involvement in prison violence and misconducts. We will write a custom essay sample on Conviction Offense and Prison Violence or any similar topic only for you Order Now Previous misconducts related to discipline and other forms of violence reported by the numbers of inmates present at the time of the evaluation which was 14,088 and a class of inmates who are kept under strict and direct supervision, of which they were 4,113 in total, were also considered. The preference and prevalence of violence in prisons reduced as the seriousness of the crime under which the inmate was sentenced increases. The study revealed that close custody inmates were not involved in or have had anything to do with the violence that erupts in the facilities in which they are located. Moreover, some negative regression models used to evaluate this observation shows that â€Å"serious† convicted offenders are less involved in prison violence than their colleagues who have been convicted of way less charges. The â€Å"three strike laws† provides the law courts with the power to impose harsher judgments and more severe punishments if a person is convicted more than three times with the degrees of the charges increasing. The laws however, limit the punishment to life imprisonment. In another study related to this, it was found that correctional facilities experienced more cases of institutional misbehaviors than those facilities that are meant for confinement with no correctional intentions. Actual figures from the study shows that inmates in confinement facilities are less likely to be involved in any form of institutional misconducts than their counterparts in correctional facilities where most cases of these misconducts are reported and on a regular basis. This study can see an increase of officers in this correctional facilities and more tough rules on prison discipline inside correctional facilities. Violent girls or relabeled status offenders? Feld Barry C in his work about whether convicted girls should be addressed as violent girls or should be relabeled as status offenders who in most cases usually refers the offences that minors commit reveals that the government who are the policy makers and the juvenile justice system has expressed their worries about the rising number of young girls being arrester over â€Å"petty† issues. Other interested parties in this issues have seen that the cause of the arrests to be the following; ? Due to the fact that the public is â€Å"tired† of the bad behaviors exhibited by these girls leading to their regular arrests. ? Increased monitoring of home related violence in which the girls are the most adversely affected group and which can result in behavior change on the part of the girl. Policy change in the juvenile justice system and also the changes in the way parents go about with their parenting of the girl child. The author is for the idea that there should not be institutionalization of these status offenders which is reflected in the policy changing of the juvenile justice and delinquencies prevention act -deinstitutionalization encourages that minor offenders be referred to as delinquents so as to make those institutions where these â€Å"proving difficult to deal with† are confined. The author goes ahead to analyze data on the pattern of arrest and the confinement records for both and girls who are termed to be violent and have been charged following simple and aggravated acts, questioning that the fluctuating figures in number of victims and the rate differences, and the confinement of these violent girls and boys agrees to a different manner of the increase in girls violence that moves together with the thesis that explains social construction. In a different study but on the same issue of the girl rehabilitation programs, one program named multi-systemic therapy has been a success because it provides a holistic manner where a team from the state or government work together with the parents of the affected girls and in the process tries to change the parent’s behavior. This is usually done where parental activities have been found to be a cause for the girl’s behavior change and therefore influences negatively on the child’s growth and development. The team working with the parents also goes to the extent of going to the schools and evaluating if the child is responding positively to the whole program. The only real problem and hence a constraint of this very effective program is the cost, it’s too expensive and many parents cannot afford it. The study also reveals that non-specific gender programs works more effectively than gender specific programs. However, the study also shows that programs that are gender specific have positive effects in certain areas that include; improved relationship with family members, employment, education and other psychological social outcomes. How to cite Conviction Offense and Prison Violence, Essay examples

Leading Dtrategies to Identify Theory

Question: Discuss about the Leading Dtrategies to Identify Theory. Answer: Introduction: A successful university looks at the long haul objectives while recruiting students. Moreover, the information identified should help build a strong long term relationship with the prospective students. So, in a recruitment process, a recruiter would have the academic results in mind as well as the age, availability, goals, interests and the financial capabilities (Collins 2017). Using the performance index set by the institution, a recruiter can determine the students that the university desires based on their academic, athletic or talent performance. High-quality students would be determined by their performance, the first major set in the recruitment process. In addition to this, the recruiter would then analyse the data to merge the goals of the institution with those of the recruits. From the age, goals and interests, a recruiter can determine the objectives held by the student. Personal objectives can then determine the overall value of the students, this because a student may have all the necessary credentials but have a negative performance in a given institution as his goals do not align with those of the chosen institution. Furthermore, this information will also determine the area of study desired by the student. In Now, multiple areas of specialisation for instance in an academic institution are a good recruitment strategy that can guarantee high end, quality students are obtained (Blackboard 2014). Moreover, a recruiter would know the support needed by each student, from financial capabilities to physical challenges based on the extra no academic information. This information is valuable in identifying the role played by the uni versity in helping the students achieve their goals. Finally, it is through this overall, analysed information that a recruiter would identify the best students with the best qualities to meet the institutions objectives. Describe the five forces in Porters competitive forces model and explain how the internet has affected each one Porters five forces model is a business strategic tool used to identify the power held by a business. In essence, this model helps identify the strengths of competitors and the value of the position intended by a business (Entrepreneur 2015). Lately, this tool has seen drastic changes owing to the World Wide Web and now occurs in a more dynamic world than when it was originally set by Michael Porter in 1979. One of these forces is competition, competition has changed with the introduction of digital business. New businesses leveraging on new design platforms are cropping up each day, this has seen many businesses go bankrupt or merged to survive (Evans 2015). Secondly, the bargaining power of both buyer and suppliers has increased because of the transparency is seen in the pricing. Moreover, suppliers are able to form many new partnerships accelerated by similar digital models. On the other hand, buyers have instant access to information and can determine the best source of products, hence have an increased bargaining power. Thirdly, consider the threat of substitutes imposed by the different products and services available. Digital business has brought many substitutes to the older and traditional businesses, for instance, taxi services can now be met by a combination of digital platform and the taxis themselves (Uber and the Uber drivers) (Ness 2008). Such combinations in business have lowered the barriers to entry in business the fourth aspect of the five force model. In essence, today's businesses are able to compete in a virtual world where the room of expansion is much larger than the physical world. Finally, with the improved resou rce accessibility comes renewed and enforced competition. This competition has fuelled the rivalry between existing competitors catalysed by the emerging competition. Differentiate between data warehouses and data marts. Describe a few of characteristics of a data warehouse Data warehouses are analytic solutions to existing problems of redundant information. They use an integration of diverse as well as redundant data to offer conclusive decisions. Furthermore, data warehouses are relational databases that are designed to analyse strategic information. Data marts, on the other hand, are decision support systems that use subjective approach to analyse information. In essence, data marts are a subset of an organisation data that deal with a specific department or specific events (Firestone 1997). Moreover, data marts are created with a specific purpose in mind, for instance, measuring the performance of a new product. They may also hold large amounts of data but will always have lesser data as compared to data warehouses within the same organisation. Data warehouses are an efficient way to meet the needs for decision support systems (DSS). DSS systems are then used by big organisations to make decisions that offer the best outcomes. Data warehouses help extract information from mass and heterogeneous data sources, for this, they are subject oriented focusing on specific aspects of information. Secondly, they are integrated as they simplify analytics from a long range of information gathered from different (heterogeneous) sources. In addition to this, data warehouses are time variant which means their viability and significance depends on time and may change with it. Finally, data stored in a warehouse is always non-volatile as its never updated on time but is updated by an organisations operational systems. Therefore, data added to a given data warehouse is done to supplement the operations of the data rather than to replace it (Inmon 2002). Discuss the strategic benefits of BI systems Businesses seeking competitive advantage over their rivals must understand the information they generate while conducting business. Information ranging from the sales they make, expenditure costs and even number of employees must be strategically analysed to make the best decision (Guarda, Santos, Pinto, Augusto Silva 2013). Business intelligence offers innovative ideas in terms of technology to boost information analysis and decision-making processes. Many benefits are associated with BI systems, more so in decision making where many businesses fail, consider the following benefits. One, reduced overall labour costs, with BI systems the time spent producing an organisations report is eliminated. Instead of manual input, they simplify the system by automating these processes i.e. from data collection to analysis. Two, it eliminates guess work and in its place offers quick business responses. BI provides accurate and updated information that is usually based on real time data. This information is then used to forecast future solutions for the business, helping it meet its objectives. Moreover, it is through BI systems that a company can learn about its customers behaviour. Customer behaviour affects the decisions made by customers and therefore, a business can align its products to suit a certain behaviour hence maximise its performance. Finally, BI systems eliminate the information bottleneck experienced by end users who are forced to wait on the expert analyst to obtain an organisation information. BI systems will allow authorised users to access information and even allow them to turn it into actionable data used to make specific, subject oriented decisions (Goewey 2015). Why are authentication and authorisation important to e-commerce? E-commerce is the commercial or business transactions that occur over the internet e.g. buying goods online, transfer of money etc. Unlike normal business transactions where you exchange money (physical) for the good and where control is exhibited, the internet present a completely different environment. First, the internet is an open network that anybody can connect to at any given time or place. Furthermore, people have different intentions while engaging in online activities, for instance, some do so for the sole purpose of stealing (Wills 2014). Authentication and authorization offer security measures to safeguard innocent individuals engaging in genuine transactions. Authentication provides the necessary credentials to prove the identity of the individuals involved, this because most e-commerce transactions occur with parties who are unable to see each other. Furthermore, the person on one side of a said transaction is unknown to the other, therefore authentication offers the necessary identification procedures or protocols to prove the authenticity of the person involved in a transaction. Authorization, on the other hand, provides the limits or permissions that a certain entity has to access certain resources (Kabay 2002). Authorization allows the correct and verified parties to conduct business without interference from third party members. Both authentication and authorization enforce important encryption features such as non-repudiation and data integrity. These trust related features ensure the correct data is transferred from one party to another and also ensures the data reaches its destination unaltered by other parties over the internet. Finally, both authentication and authorization provide the leery public with the confidence to conduct online transactions. E-commerce is such a success because of the convenience it offers and the number of people who use it. Encryption technologies that encapsulate these two security features ensure user communicate securely with different merchants over the internet. List 3 Web 2.0 social networking tools and describe how you would use each for marketing your products Web 2.0 is the greater advancement of online technology as seen today where as compared to the original days of the web/the internet. The current system is seen to have more collaborations, interactivity, persuasiveness and connectivity. E-commerce is highly prevalent today which has led to e-marketing especially under social media platforms, where a high influence is seen because of the user numbers. Moreover, its estimated that many people spend time on social media sites as compared to any other form human activity (Ferlazzo 2012). Below are some of these social networking tools used today. Twitter Its membership includes celebrities, politicians, news networks among other individuals, in essence, it has members in all aspects of life. Twitter through its design is able to act as a small micro-blogging site where members update their followers. These updates known as tweets can be business products that can instantaneously be seen by millions of customers based on the followers one has at a particular time. Blog sites blog sites such as Edublogs provide businesses with a quick platform to showcase products and provide detailed information to customers in a more social environment. A business can market their product freely without using the formal restriction seen in formal advertisements or websites. Moreover, the products can be evaluated by the customers who are able to leave instant feedbacks Facebook Facebook is one of the best social media platforms to market a companys product especially those meant for young people. To date, its still associated with the young and allows users to share pictures, videos and other items relevant to a business. Furthermore, a business can pay for Facebook adverts at a pay per click procedure, this can increase the accessibility of the said adverts and product. Discuss the major limitations of e-commerce. Which of these limitations are likely to disappear? Why? E-commerce offers many benefits to both the customers and service providers. However, there are some limitations that are experienced when dealing with this form of business, some of which are technical while others are non-technical. Technically, the biggest drawback of e-commerce is security, where systems used are unreliable and lack the necessary specifications to offer good security measures. Moreover, technology is still evolving and with each security, protocol comes a way to break it. Secondly, special web servers are needed to set up e-commerce infrastructure which is sometimes difficult to integrate with the current, existing systems. Far from these technical limitations are the non-technical limitations, some of which can be easily rectified if well managed. The tax issue is still a big limitation in e-commerce, this because buyers and sellers of online goods are sometimes situated in different countries which have different taxation laws. In the end, the business transactions may have to account for extra computations owing to the different taxation laws. Secondly, we have fear, fear exhibited by the user of the internet who in some cases fear to conduct business with organisations which lack a physical presence. Moreover, product suitability affects the purchases made as some delivered products greatly differ from the delivered products (Money matters 2017). Tax issues are limitations that can easily disappear with the implementation of international taxation laws. Furthermore, these laws can cover only e-commerce transactions to maintain the jurisdiction held by individual countries. Fear of conducting online business will slowly disappear as seen today where more people are engaged in e-commerce than in the past. People now trust these transactions owing to their success, efficiency and convenience. Moreover, there are proper security measures to protect one's online assets. Describe the benefits of integrated accounting software packages Every business experiencing a high growth rate and a high customer expansion rate encounters many difficult decisions. These decisions either make or break the business based on their outcomes. Employing proper, strategic planning techniques coupled by integrated business software systems helps accelerate the speed to reach the set goals. Accounting software packages are a good example of these integrated systems which help make financial decisions e.g. employee salaries and expenditure costs. Speed is the first major benefits associated with these integrated systems. Automated packages that perform invoicing duties make the accounting processes fast and efficient. Moreover, they facilitate higher workloads where entire departments are evaluated at a single instance. On top of this, computerised systems minimise errors associated with the accounting process. Users are only required to enter information and set the regulating parameters such as percentage or fractions while the software packages do the rest. In itself, this automation reduces confusion on the end result of the overall computations. Speaking of the end results, these systems also enable users to produce accurate reports, reports that can run different comparison algorithms based on a companys performance. Finally, consider the organisation and accessibility offered by these software packages. Humans are prone to errors and can easily lose a physical spreadsheet having a businesss accounts. However, with mode rn storage solutions, a business can have multiple back-ups to a single accounting document, properly organised within the companys infrastructure (Shanker 2017). Explain why web-based customer interaction centres are critical for successful CRM Systems Many companies today try to engage with their customers through interactive CRM systems, these interactive CRM systems are implemented through multiple communication channels, for instance, call centres and web applications. The general objective of these systems is to understand the customer preference and therefore, customise the products to fit the needs of these customers. In addition to this, CRM systems are now facilitated by customer interaction centres (CIC), centres that solely focus on the needs of the customers. Web-based CICs enable a one on one interaction with the customers while offering the advantage of confidentiality. Customers feel safe to offer their own opinion which is unsolicited by the parties involved. Furthermore, many people spend most of their time online as compared to any other aspects of CIC systems. In fact, its easier to obtain accurate feedback from customers online as compared to face to face interviews or even telephone reviews. In addition to this, web based CICs are cheaper as the medium used is already available (internet) and all that is needed is access to it. Finally, web based CIC are an automated way for a business to have customer interactions. Technology today calls for automated systems, systems that run on immediate command, free of human involvement, therefore web based CIC are critical as they offer the conveniences seen in automated systems (Urbanski Bzdyra 2016). Explain the important role that information systems play in supporting a supply chain Strategy Information technology is seen as a mandatory requirement to control the modern chain of supply. These supply chains are highly complex as they contain different independent companies that make up the diverse multileveled networks of systems. Furthermore, different supplier exists for different services or products which mean, a unique distinguishing factor is needed to beat the competition. Information systems (IS) provide companies with the necessary competitive advantage by providing access to special supply resources. Supply logistics and operations are always under pressure owing to the changing market conditions that must meet the customers demands. IS can easily manage these operations based on the information they have with and the set rules provided. Moreover, these systems are able to forecast future supply proceeding which helps a company make better supply decisions. In addition to this, Importers, as well as exporters, are required to have an accurate account of all their products. IS systems facilitate tracking and monitoring operations which help to serve different clients across the globe. In essence, information systems serve as a complementary product that helps improve the strategic proceeding of a companys supply chain. Their role in supply chain management can be grouped into three major categories; planning and collaboration, tracking and delivery, and transaction operations. In transaction operations, IS systems maintain accurate records of repetitive transaction. Demand forecast, production capacity and supply efficiency are the sole purpose of planning and collaboration. Finally, tracking and monitoring ensures the security of the products and ensures coordinated deliveries are made on time (Operations IT Articles 2012). References Blackboard, 2016, Four leading strategies to identify, attract, engage, and enrol the right students, Available from: https://www.blackboard.com/sites/student-services/assets/pdf/white-marketing.pdf [16 January 2017] Collins. M, 2016, Best Practices for College Recruiting, National Association of Colleges and Employers, Available from: https://www.naceweb.org/knowledge/recruiting/college-best-practices.aspx [16 January 2017] Evans. D. N, 2015, How digital business disrupts the five forces of industry competition, Computer world, Available from: https://www.computerworld.com/article/2976572/emerging-technology/digital-disruption-from-the-perspective-of-porters-five-forces-framework.html [16 January 2017] Firestone. J. M, 1997, Data Warehouses and Data Marts: A Dynamic View, Executive information systems, Available from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/185b/db2f22505da4da6b35767a0386e3f02fd93e.pdf [16 January 2017] Goewey. B, 2015, The 10 Most Important Benefits of Business Intelligence, data mensional, Available from: https://www.datamensional.com/the-10-most-important-benefits-of-business-intelligence/ [16 January 2017] Guarda. T, Santos. M, Pinto. F, Augusto. M, Silva.C, 2013, Business Intelligence as a Competitive Advantage for SMEs, International Journal of Trade Economics and Finance, 4(4), Available from: https://www.ijtef.org/papers/283-B00018.pdf [16 January 2017] Inmon. W. H, 2002, Building the Data Warehouse, Wiley computer publishing, Available from: https://fit.hcmute.edu.vn/Resources/Docs/SubDomain/fit/ThayTuan/DataWH/Bulding%20the%20Data%20Warehouse%204%20Edition.pdf [16 January 2017] Kabay. M.E, 2002, Identification, Authentication and Authorization on the World Wide Web, Available from: https://www.windowsecurity.com/whitepapers/websecurity/WWW_Security/Identification_Authentication_and_Authorization_on_the_World_Wide_Web.html [16 January 2017] Mata. J. F, Quesada A, 2014, Web 2.0, Social Networks and E-commerce as Marketing Tools, Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research, Available from: https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextpid=S0718-18762014000100006 [16 January 2017] Money matters, 2017, Limitations or Disadvantages of Electronic Commerce, Available from: https://accountlearning.com/limitations-or-disadvantages-of-electronic-commerce/ [16 January 2017] Ness. G, 2008, Porters Five Forces In The Internet Age, Available from: https://www.sundoginteractive.com/blog/porters-five-forces-in-the-internet-age [16 January 2017] Operations IT Articles, 2012, Role of Information Technology in Supply Chain Optimization, Mbaskool, Available from: https://www.mbaskool.com/business-articles/operations/2083-role-of-information-technology-in-supply-chain-optimization.html [16 January 2017] Shanker. S, 2017, The Advantages of Using an Accounting Software Package for Invoices, Chron, Available from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-using-accounting-software-package-invoices-3822.html [16 January 2017] Urbanski. R Bzdyra. K, 2016, Cloud computing customer relationship management for small and medium enterprises, Koszalin University of Technology, Available from: https://mit.weii.tu.koszalin.pl/MIT8/Modele%20inzynierii%20teleinformatyki%208_22%20Urbanski%20Bzdyra.pdf [16 January 2017] Wills. T, 2014, Why are authentication and authorization important in e-commerce? Quora, Available from: https://www.quora.com/Why-are-authentication-and-authorization-important-in-e-commerce [16 January 2017]