Answer: Ohio Art Company’s Decision Essay

Most of you did well on questions 3 and 4, so here I post only sample answers to questions 1(a) & (b) and 2: 1(a) & 1(b): Question on whether moving production to China is ethical; Question on the economic and social costs and benefits of such a move. Sample Answer (A) Note: this student earned high grades for looking at the issue from multiple perspectives, for looking at the benefits and costs to all major stakeholders, and for acknowledging that moving productions overseas is a controversial topic. Excellent use of facts to support his/her claim. 1. Whether or not Ohio Art Company’s decision to shift production offshore was ethically wrong is a controversial topic. In strictly business terms, Ohio Art Company (OAC) did not break any laws or perform an illicit act; OAC’s decision to offshore was one that had few other options – if the company did not find ways to lower production costs, the company would have eventually gone bankrupt. If production had not been moved, OAC would have been unable to lower production costs, and would therefore be unable to generate enough profits to continue business. Either way, OAC employees would have suffered job losses. Furthermore, OAC’s decision benefited shareholders, which is one element of judging an ethical decision; there are no standards that prohibit off shoring. However, OAC’s obligations to its employees are something that must be considered as well. The company, which is perceived as a family, should not just abandon its employees; it this sense , the company holds moral obligations and employment practices which complicate the question of whether outsourcing is ethical. Sample Answer (B) Note: This student combined 1(a) and 1(b) but made it perfectly clear. Again, the student considered the question of ethics from multiple perspectives, and weighed the benefits and costs to various stakeholders and clearly defined what standards (s)he adopted. 1. The question asked is the one about social responsibilities of corporations. Nevertheless, before making an ethical judgement, one has to look at the decision from at least three perspectives: economic, social and macro-level. On the one hand, it is possible to enumerate a lot of economic benefits for both the US and China. American consumers gained lower prices (an increase in wealth) and poor Chinese villagers were able to move from the impoverished countryside and start a new life in cities[1]. Furthermore, Ohia Art did not go bankrupt, which means that the company and its owners are still a source of revenue for the federal and state government. As to social costs (here the social responsibility of an employer comes into discussion), the closing of a factory resulted in the collapse of the local community. Furthermore, 100 workers lost their jobs and this number is big if we take into account that Bryan has only 8,000 inhabitants. Such a conduct of a company can be considered a violation of ethical obligations springing from the position of the company. Nevertheless, the company did not make any abrupt changes. Moving out of Bryan was gradual and most workers were probably able to find new jobs[2]. Moreover, even though the company does have social obligations, the Friedman Doctrine is at least partly relevant: a company has to seek profits in order to survive. Summing up, in order for the decision to be ethical, the company should seek profits, but also minimise social and this is what Ohio Art surely did. Question 2: Whether it is ethical for Ohio Art to continue employing Kinki Answer A Note: This student acknowledges that there are many ethical standards, not all of which lead to the same conclusion. S(he) clearly shows how the same set of facts can lead to divergent conclusions. This issue can be analysed from multiple perspectives. From the cultural relativist point of view, the fact that the Chinese authorities turn a blind eye to such practices means that the company should do the same. According to the righteous moralist perspective, the company should desist cooperating because doing so would be applying double standards. The proponents of the naà ¯ve immoralist views would claim that since the Chinese businessmen have problems with property rights or keeping the RMB undervalued, western employers should not comply with ethical standards in China. Nevertheless, since the view that human rights are undeniable rights of every human being is now widespread (judging on the number of NGOs and governments supporting such a view), it seems to be reasonable to assume that human rights are a benchmark of what constitutes business ethics. From this follows that the Ohio Art should desist cooperating with Kin Ki, because the contractor violates basic rights of th e workers as enshrined in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (e.g. the right to just and favourable remuneration). Answer B Note: Very thoughtful analysis that considers the different economic situations in different countries. Assuming that the dismal working conditions of Kin Ki employees is true, it seems unethical for Ohio Art Company to continue manufacturing with Kin Ki. Again the clear line between what is ethical and acceptable is hazy. However, Ohio Art Company secured a contract on the grounds that employment practices were acceptable, and human rights were enforced. The living conditions of Kin Ki employees are far from decent living conditions – employees are exploited, work long hours, paid below standard requirement, and live in impoverished conditions. It also seems as if labor unions are implicitly forbidden (though not formally stated). The question of â€Å"how much divergence is acceptable† between living conditions between the U.S and China still exists, however, it seems that basic human living conditions are being denied at Kin Ki. ———————– [1] In general, outsourcing seems to be a general trend of globalisation. The division of labour is one of the greatest inventions of humanity and now it is rapidly spreading into the international area. As the Ricardian model of trade predicts, the division of labour will benefit all sides in the long term [2] The other question is whether the company should provide their employees with a training so that they can find new jobs, or whether training programmes should be financed by the state as in a Dutch-Danish flexicurity model. I would say that a company having financial problems (which is the reason for outsourcing) should not be forced to incur further costs.

Global Communication: Book Report

Book Report Global Communication (By: Yahya R. Kamalipour) Publisher: Thomson Wadsworth Year of Publication: 2007 Book Report Written By: Husain Ebrahim / Department of Mass Communication at Grambling State University. The author of the Global Communication book is Yahya Kamalipour a professor of mass communication and head of the department of communication and creative arts at Purdue University. His research interests are about topics related to global communications such as, international communications, globalization, new communication technologies, and media impact.In this book, the author collected researches that are related to the global communication topic from 14 different researcher, and developed this Global Communication book. According to Kamalipour that the international communications were there since the nations were funded and connection between people started. However, communication styles and tools are changing and improving. In addition, international communicati on did not cause any conflict between nations until it starts to influence cultures, change believes, and opinions.Furthermore, the writer discusses the global communication as a component of the term globalization that predicted by Marshall McLuhan in the 1960s. Although, there are several components for globalization: economic, politics, culture, social, and communication, but communication is the most notable aspect. Moreover, Kamalipour claims that global communication is still a growing field that fits under most of the humanity sciences as, mass communication, international relations, politics, economics, social science, managements, and public administrations.Further, the area of global communication is growing rapidly and needs to be investigated more because the significant role it plays in solving conflicts between nations. The book theme started discussing the definition of the globalization term to reach an agreement on the role of communication. After the author produce a historical view of global communication, and how it developed, added to the theories that supported the global communication.Next, the book emphasis the role that the economy played in changing the way of communicating, and the governmental regulations on the global communications. In addition, Kamalipour explained the changes that came with the emerge of new communication technologies, specifically the internet. Then the author moved to clarify the impact and the way that the communications changes others cultures through the information flow. Finally, the book addresses the impact and influence of the media on changing cultures specially politics by using propaganda or advertisement.Chapter 1: Following the Historical Path of Global Communication: Allen Plamer who mentioned the background of the global communication studies, and explained the different stages of improving the networks of global communication conducted this chapter. The author started this chapter by explaining the role of the geographical space on communication and how it used to be a barrier. Additionally, global communication started since the pharaonic civilization expanded its rule to reach south Europe, North and South Africa, and a part of Asia; hence, the geographical space was the reason of the need of global communication.Moreover, preaching and religious activities also increased need of communicating with other cultures. Later, the printing press and knowledge explosion era has solved an enormous problem that was facing the intercultural communicators, added to the new communication scientists who developed the international network in the 19th century. Chapter 2: Drawing a Bead on Global Communication Theories: Kamalipour has used the research that John Downing conducted in collecting the mass communication theories that contributed in explaining the global communication.Downing has just used the normative theories as an only example of theories for the global communication. A fter, the author briefly explains the differences between the authoritarian, libertarian theories and comparing the way that the soviets used to communicate globally as an example. Chapter 3: Global Economy and Global Telecommunications Networks: In this chapter, Harmeet Sawheny wrote the history of the relation between the global economy and global communication starting from the 13th century, or what he named as the pre-modern world when people used to trade spices and silk.In addition, in that era, there were imperialism, and many powerful nations in Asia and Europe were created in the same time. Hence, those nations used to communicate to influence and change cultures or to trade goods. According to Sawheny later in the 19th century, the modern world occurred, and it was known as the electronic imperialism era. To this end, the global media flow to through over the nations and issued several networks of telecommunications to find new markets.Chapter 4: The Transnational Media Co rporation and the Economics: Kamalipour adopted this chapter from a research was conducted by Richard Gershon a professor in the information management and telecommunications. Gershon in his research illuminates the reason of globalizing the media corporations, which he claims that the main reason is finding new market with a larger volume of audiences. Moreover, the new idea of free market trade also encouraged the media corporations to expand its distribution and go globally.For example, the transitional media corporations, which means one company, expand its production to different media content such as, magazine, press, cable T. V. , websites, books, and entertainments rather than just producing one media. Afterward, the writer suggests some elements that can help media corporations to develop strategies that would make the steps globalize their products easier and faster. Chapter 5: Global Communication Law: After discussing the economic role and its global trend, Kamalipour ad ded this chapter to explain the regulations of global communications.This part of the book was a part of a research that was accomplished by John Huffman, Denise Trauth, and Jan Samoriski. The researchers illustrated the differences between cultures, which would be a reason of a conflict between cultures. Therefore, laws and regulations were created to reduce the conflict between cultures, and to increase the level of respect to other cultures in the media content. Furthermore, authors’ argument was that because of the cultural differences it is hard to accept a law that all global media would accept.Additionally, they studied the new history of global media laws such as, the role of freedom of expression, the right of silence, and the way of censorships and limitations. In fact, they wrote about examples of media censorships and limitations in the United States and other parts of the world. Finally, the chapter ended with mentioning the role of new communication technologies in changing the global communication laws, and the internet was their example.Chapter 6: Global News and Information Flow in the Internet Age: The author of this chapter was Kuldip Rampal who started the chapter by citing the history of media agencies and the role it played in the global information flow. After, Rampal mentioned the current role of those major news agencies in the information age that we are living in today. Further, Rampal named explained how do major news agencies such as, France Press, Associated Press, ITAR-TASS and Interfax, Reuters, and United Press serve all media in the globe. Chapter 7: International Broadcasting:Afterward Kamalipour presented Joseph Straubhaar and Douglas Boyd research about international broadcasting. This chapter studied the reason that encouraged the media to broadcast and distribute in the global market. In addition, authors lighted some main events that raised the need of global communications such as, wars between nations, economics , politics, propaganda, and religious. As an example of international broadcasting, the authors named: Voice of America, BBC, Arab-American Oil Company, U. S. Military, CNN, Orbit, and Sky News.Finally the authors studied the history of propaganda, and they argument was that propaganda was the main factor of international broadcasting. Chapter 8: The Global Implication of the Internet: Challenges and Prospects: George Barnett and Devan Rosen in this chapter studied the internet and its role in human civilization. First, chapter starts by claiming that the reason of the great success of the internet is the two-way of communication that it features. Second, the social network was given as an example of the internet success.Lastly, authors illustrated internet through showing the structure of its networks, and the technical idea of building networks. Chapter 9: Milestone in Communication and National Development: In this chapter, Vibert Cambridge discusses the idea and the need of deve loping communications abilities for all societies, his argument is the gap of media power between cultures could cause a conflict. Moreover, he started explaining his point of view through using the example of using the media as a powerful weapon in World War II.Further, Cambridge stated some examples of efforts that have been made to develop communication abilities in number of countries: USA, Turkmenistan, Eritrea, and the Caribbean Community. Additionally, he encourages the UNICEF efforts of helping some countries to develop their communication abilities. Finally, to develop communication abilities, the author suggested some strategies: public awareness campaigns, social marketing, entertainment education, and advocacy. Chapter 10: The Politics of Global Communication:The politics of global communication was adopted from a research was done by Cees Hamelink, who wrote the history politic global communication that started in the 19th century. Next, the author addresses the current practices of politics in global communications by giving some examples of financial issues, property rights, and mass media ownership. Chapter 11: Global Communication and Propaganda: Kamalipour retrieved the relationship between propaganda and the global communication from Richard Vincent research, who marked the origins of propaganda in the 17th century.After, the author discussed the propaganda definition and its connections with public relations and public diplomacy. Moreover, the chapter provides readers with some example of propaganda in war times. In addition, the Vincent mentioned the strategies of propaganda campaigns, which are labeling the idea, associating the issue or image with a noble term, image transfer, persuading the audience that their idea should be the same as others, and using facts to convince others. Lastly, the author discussed the use of propaganda in terrorism as an example.Chapter 12: Global Advertising and Public Relations: Later Kamalipour, used Dean Kruckeberg and Marina Vujnovic article as a source for this chapter of his book. Researchers start point in this chapter was their agreement of the role of public relations in reducing the gap between the organization and its public. Hence, they briefly discussed the history of public relations and its western origins. Moreover, authors discussed the culture differences that influence the public relations practices and advertisements.For instance, dealing with democratic culture societies is easier than authoritarian societies. In addition, the chapter covers the part culture features that cause changes in the global advertising and public relations such as, environmental challenges, population growth, poverty and hunger, and wars. Further, authors briefly discussed those differences and the role of information gap between among the first, second, and third worlds. Chapter 13: Communication and Culture: Christine Ogan in this chapter define the culture as a group of people who share the same understanding of life.However, culture used to change slowly, but in the recent global communication era, it is much easier to make significant cultural changes in a society. In fact, the author blames the western culture to be the most influential culture in the world because the strength of their media. Additionally, there are some cultures that adopt the change easily, and others resist the change. Moreover, global communication contributed in finding the term of stereotype; for example, the world view of America as a pop culture.Chapter 14: Patterns in Global Communication: Prospects and Concerns: Finally, Kamalipour conclude his Global Communication book with a chapter that was written by Leo Gher. This chapter includes examples of current global communication industry that are used around the world such as, the global satellite system, and global internet services. Additionally, Gher points that some of the concerns of global communications are the privacy and inform ation conflict, and trend of having one large culture in the world with vanishing other cultures.Global Communication is the second edition of the book; therefore, it has been enhanced and added some updates about some significant events such as, the role of 9/11 terrorist attacks on international communication, internet and its global impact on communications, and suggested readings in that area. Even though, the book was loaded with a broad contents and issues of global communications that were written in about 355 pages, it was well organized under 14 chapters.Moreover, reader can touch the high skill writing abilities that Kamalipour has, from the way that the book content flows between the topics, and the basic English that he used to help all readers to understand and enjoy the content. Further, chapters were divided separately so the reader can easily reach the information that he is looking for without the need of looking in the exact orders of chapters. According to Kamalip our, the intended audiences of this book are researchers, journalists, international agencies, enterprises, and students.However, my criticism about the book is that it has so many repeated parts of chapters; for example, propaganda that was discussed in two different chapters added, to the repetition of same ideas about the cultural impact and change in many chapters. Therefore, I think the book serves the audiences who are looking for a part of the content, but not for students who will read and study all over the book. References Kamalipour, Y. (2007). Global communication. (2nd ed. ). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.

Beats Marketing

Read this college essay and over others like it now, http://www. Studded. Com/essays/Something-From-Nothing- The-Art-Of-1707686. HTML Something from Nothing the Art of Rap Essay898 Words Read this term paper and over 1,500,000 others like it now. Http://www. Studded. Com/essays/Beats- Marketing-63403078_HTML Beats Marketing Essay616 Words Since soccer is the most popular sport in Brazil, this campaign by Beats is a well-planned technique to raise brand awareness in the Brazilian nation.In addition, having Braziers most popular athlete wearing the merchandise is another successful step in reaching out to Brazilian consumers. One way this campaign may not be successful is the economic situation in Brazil. In August 2014, BBC reported that Braziers economy has fallen into a recession. Beats products are known for being high-priced, with most of them costing around $200. With many Brazilian struggling during the recession, Beats may have robbers selling their luxurious brand in the country. One way Beats can increase the success of their campaign to target Brazilian would be to demonstrate a more economical product. For instance, Beats can make a new commercial with the Brazilian soccer star Anymore wearing the Beats ear-buds product, which are about half the price of the Beats Studio product that he was wearing in the original commercial. The lower price may appeal better to the consumers of that country.

The best sister in the world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The best sister in the world - Essay Example The researcher will begin with the statement that sometimes he thinks that it is amazing that while we look for companionship and friendship, outside the confines of our home, our best sources of support and joy are placed by providence right at the place we live and love. At least it happened to him. The author’s sister Fatimah is 25 years old and they are more of friends than merely being siblings. Fatimah is his best friend and whenever he feels lonely or alone, she turns out to be a constant source of companionship. Though the author prefers solitude over socializing, still he must say that he never like to be alone. Fatimah has a beautiful way of making him feel loved and cherished. The researcher feels really wonderful and happy, whenever he is with her. She always makes the author feel that somebody is there for him, who will stand by him whenever he is stressed and lonely. Both of them share fond memories of the experiences we had while we were traveling in Lebanon, th e country where she was studying for her degree. Fatimah is a biologist. She graduated from the American University of Beirut (AUB).   There is no denying the fact that Fatimah happens to be one big influence on the author’s social skills and interpersonal communication. Having a stable relationship with his sister and being able to convey to her all that the author thinks or feels has made him an independent and confident person. The researcher feels really easy to open up with others while he is moving in the outside world. It was owing to Fatimah that a lot many things turned out to be better and beneficial for the author. It had been solely owing to Fatimah that the author had been able to get over his juvenile hesitations and have learned to open up to other people. The biggest delight that Fatimah holds for the author is the opportunity he gets to share his ideas with her. The researcher has many dreams and goals, and Fatimah has always encouraged him in whatever ende avor he engage in by extending her true and honest opinion. The researcher shares such a sense of camaraderie with Fatimah that even during our childhood, they used to dress up alike. The researcher must say that both of them share a salubrious and benign relationship with each other. He is always there, whenever Fatimah needs him and she receives the author’s help and advice not only as a brother but also as a worthy an imitable role model. They both harbor much ambition in their hearts. Besides, both of them love their family a lot and do their best to make their family happy, especially their parents. The researcher does believe that good idea are of no use if they are not put into practical action. So Fatimah always diligently encourages him to weave goals and aspirations around the good ideas that the author share with her. This brings in a kind of accountability into the researcher’s life and always stimulates him to work to the best of his capacity. Besides, the author does know that Fatimah is always there to help him sort out the problems that he comes across in his academic life.

Bonus Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bonus - Case Study Example As the client was stopped, the on duty police personnel never asked for any papers for the car like that of registration, license or pollution but straight away ceased her purse. Generally, the car or any vehicle is searched only when the driver or the owner fails to provide all the requisite documents. But ceasing a woman’s purse is totally against the law of the land. After having the false accusations of improper turn, the police department committed another illegal action. And this was not the end of the harassment. As my client left the place, the on duty staff called up 911 and reported that she was acting strange and multiple pills were ceased from her purse. Now, that is thoroughly unacceptable as she had visited Radio Shacks to purchase earphones. I would like to inform the respected court of justice that all the events were framed and are aimed to defame the client and does not have slightest resemblance with the actual happenings. I would like to argue that if at al l she had violated the traffic rules, she could have been asked for papers of the vehicle. Most amazingly, while she had the invoices of the earphones, how could she be charged of having pills? All it can be said that the activities and intentions of Fort Worth Police Department is thoroughly unprofessional and unacceptable Hanson, Karmen. â€Å"Prescription drug abuse is the fastest growing form of substance abuse†. July 18, 2010. A Pill Problem: Rx Abuse is Fastest Growing. March, 2010.

Critiquing Prior Decisions Made unit 2 Research Paper

Critiquing Prior Decisions Made unit 2 - Research Paper Example This plan has been successful considering that they are one of today’s most successful companies in the tech industry (â€Å"Apple Inc.,† 2011). Organizing. â€Å"Organizing is identifying jobs to be done, hiring people to do them, establishing departments, delegating or pushing authority down to subordinates, establishing a chain of command...and coordinating the work of subordinates† (Dessler & Phillips, 2008, p. 5). The overall management team of Apple was able to create an unparalleled talent base, which can help the company by having a sustainable future despite the absence of its former CEO Steve Jobs (Lam, 2011). Apple’s success in terms of its unique product design and functionality is evidence that the management team was able to hire the right people and use the right resources. Leading. Leading the company’s people and resources can be attained by creating a culture that is acceptable to all and a constant communication pattern (Dessler & Phillips, 2008, p. 5). Apple’s corporate culture is one of its competitive advantages because it incorporated the company’s success factors such as creativity, leadership, and innovation. This culture remained undefeated for a long time, and the company was known as a perfectionist in product design and reliability (Kurtzman, 2010, p. 116). This culture made them unique from their competitors, and they believed that they are the best tech firm in the industry and nothing can beat them. Also, Apple offered several incentives including the â€Å"recognition bonus of 3 to 5 percent of their base salary...[and the giving of] free iPod Shuffle or iPhone...† to motivate their employees (Muller, 2010, p. 4). Controlling. This function is necessary to determine whether the employees have reached the desired goals or necessary changes (Daniels, 1994). The performance of Apple employees is strictly monitored

The EU has exerted a greater impact on its member States than they Essay

The EU has exerted a greater impact on its member States than they have on the EU; Discuss - Essay Example European Union was originally formed for seeking targeted economic interdependence after the Second World War  to make new military conflicts in the future impossible. An adjoining objective for formation of the Union was to accelerate economic growth.  Over the decades, several European countries have joined in several rounds of enlargement of the union to further the cause of the Union (Krumm and Herz, 1997). Impacts of European Union have been significant on member countries. Member states of European Union have converged to the use of a common currency, the  euro. The union is attributed with furthering the presence in European  region of freedom, security and justice. The EU Member states work together in the interior and justice policy due to the common foreign and security policy, and they also seek a common occurrence in relation to third countries.  It is asserted that the EU has exerted a greater impact on its member States than they have on the EU (Gutià ©rrez a nd Urbano, 1996). The paper evaluates this assertion by comparing and contrast the impact of European Union on the member states in comparison to the one exerted by member states on the Union. The impact of European Union has been attributed with a number of key impacts on the European Union. Meuwese (2008) mentions that member countries owe much to the unification of Europe initiated by European Union. Enemy countries have become friends, and the common market provides millions of jobs to the citizens of these countries.  The enthusiasm for this new unification process has grows from one generation to another. Trade and commerce has grown among member countries. For instance, nearly two-thirds of German exports now go to EU partner countries and so are millions of jobs in Germany.  European Union has impacted member countries by improving educational systems too. One such example is that EU’s Erasmus

Future of HR (just paraphrase) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Future of HR (just paraphrase) - Essay Example Thus, HR managers have a huge variety of responsible roles and functions in an organizations. One of the most important tasks is to ensure that the future human resource leaders are fit to take over. For this, HR managers need to maintain their credibility in the organization to gain the trust of the staff and set an example for the future HR leaders. Such an endeavor would be possible through the maintenance of behavioral integrity. The quality of HR of an organization makes a huge difference to the success of the organization. In most instances, organizations easily overcome difficult situations solely because of their HR. For instance, as Nick Holley points out, during the recession it was seen that within organizations, some business units were found to benefit from the recession while other business units suffered. He cites the example of Primark to explain this phenomenon (AllBusiness.com, 2010). According to Holley, recession has wrongly been taken as an excuse for â€Å"an underperforming HR function† and as research suggests, the success or failure of the organization depends on its HR function, which should be driven based on the â€Å"specific needs of the business† and rather than difficulties such as recession and success strategies of other organizations (AllBusiness.com, 2010). HR managers should focus on inculcating behavioral integrity in their organization and promote ethical prac tices among employees. It is essential for corporate managers to win employee trust, and this has been found to be a significant predictor of productivity, turnover, and profitability for the organization (Krell, 2006). Maintenance of behavioral integrity by corporate managers ensures that trust. Krell lists six ways to build employee trust in an organization. Firstly, by â€Å"translating corporate values into behaviors†, and by encouraging and training the employees to maintain those behaviors, employee trust can

E-commerce and M-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

E-commerce and M-commerce - Essay Example If E-commerce and M-commerce matters for development, it is not because the are the fancier or more convenient ways of doing shopping: but they allows allow enterprises to operate efficiently with their trading partners including their production sites, vendors and point of sales. For an Internet user to become an e-commerce customer, a much higher frequency of access is necessary in order to acquire the familiarity with the e-business transactions and payment systems. This is more required for the B2B traders, where the order of magnitude of their exposure to Internet etiquette must be more than a normal user. Contradicting the above general assumption, a survey conducted by IDC in 2002 there is a gap found between the Internet users and e-commerce revenue in the developing and developed countries. This shows that the usage of Internet does not directly imply the e-business attitude. Where as, the M-Commerce does not necessarily require more adequacy of such involvement with the mobile devise or operating the m-commerce applications. The reason behind this could be attributed to the low involvement and less choice of options for the customer to choose between while buying something through mobile phone. In other terms, mobile commerce involves a quick decision for buying, by simply replying to the message alert for the sale offer or saying yes to the chosen option. The prevalence of E-commerce has led people to research and form the strategically options to push the sales through Internet in the recent years. Some researches stated that lower per capita incomes, low credit card usage, lack of relevant Products and service to buy in near places, and lack of logistics and fulfillments are the factors influencing the buying behaviors of the users on E-commerce. Though these should be the same factors influencing the buying behavior of the M-Commerce also, rather than clear evidence of that, one could perceive some thing else alarming that the above for the influence of M-Commerce buying patterns. E-commerce trading is more seen between B2B or Business to Government types of transactions than Business to Consumer. This adoption could be linked with their capacity to integrate themselves into regional and global supply chains. At the enterprise level, this requires being able to meet technological and organizational challenges. At the country level, the digital and the physical layers of the national economies have to be connected in congruence. Thus E-commerce opens more trading between different foreign countries. Where as M-commerce, due to the localized service operators, has the limitation of global restriction with the service options limited within the geographical regions. Beyond technological limitations, the logistics and Policy regulations are also the other factors for this shortage. May be the still future of M-commerce could resolve such type of hindrances in a very short future depending on the nature of service expansions. While looking at the scenario of operations, E-commerce offers a more popular way of shopping than the other, through PC, laptops and palm tops. The purchasers of the Internet

Financial Management Individual Work 1 Week 10 Essay

Financial Management Individual Work 1 Week 10 - Essay Example Multinational firms experience economies of scale as part of their financial strategies. This relates to the advantages that accrue to a firm as a result of large-scale production. The large volume of the units produced by the firms, result in a decrease in the cost of producing each individual product. Through the process of rationalization, multinational corporations are able to achieve the advantages of worldwide integration as they are able to manage their resources adequately. It further allows subsidiary firms to adapt to the specific product needs and financial requirements of the countries in which they operate such as taxation and other business regulations. The subsidiaries are encouraged to operate as national firms through compliance with the specific needs of the nations in which they are located but retaining some advantages such as sharing of financial risks with their affiliated firm. Another advantage of economies of scale is that it reduces the cost of raw materials as well as other overhead costs which lead to huge profits in the long-run (Ogilvie, 2006). World-wide integration strategy allows multinational firms to develop standardized products which bear global appeal thus are able to generate huge profits owing to the fact that they are generally accepted and preferred by many people. Multinational firms can be adversely affected by the regulations imposed by banking institutions operating globally. Such challenges may be due to liquidity problems and interest rates. As a result, financial managers of the multinational firms must consider the cost of accessing loans in their countries of operation as well as investment opportunities available in those countries. They prefer operating in countries in which the banking sector is subject to international policies which have been set up by the International Monetary Fund. The domestic firms are in direct

The Corpse Bride Analysis with Final Cut Pro Essay Example for Free

The Corpse Bride Analysis with Final Cut Pro Essay Tim Burtons Corpse Bride is about a young man who accidentally marries a zombie bride. Victor Van Dort, and Victoria Everglot, are arranged to get marriage. After Victor ruins the wedding rehearsal, he ï ¬â€šees and practices in a forest near by, placing the wedding ring unintentional on a ï ¬ nger of a dead girl, who is now saying she is Victors wife. The Land of the Dead holds many bewilderments for Victor while he learns of Emilys past story and get to know one another better. Back at home with Victor away, Victorias parents decide to move forward and marry her to a newcomer in town named Lord Barkis Bittern. Soon after Victor is informed of Victorias impending marriage to Lord Barkis. Victor agrees to die for Emily for their marriage to be valid, after realizing he has lost Victoria. Victoria ï ¬ nds them both at a church and is followed by Lord Barkis. As Victor prepares to drink the cup of poison to kill himself, Emily has second thoughts, realizing she doing the same to Victoria that was done on to her, taking away her happiness. Lord Barkis intrudes, and Emily recognizes him as her former ï ¬ ancà © and murder. Lord Barkis tries to kidnap Victoria against her will, but Victor steps in to stop him. As Lord Barkis decided to leave he makes a speech and accidentally drinks a cup of poison that was meant for Victor. The dead drag the new arrival away for punishment. Emily backs out of her agreement with Victor, and sets him free to be with Victoria. Giving the wedding ring back to him, she steps into the moonlight, she transforms into hundreds of butterï ¬â€šies, leaving all to assume she found peace. I choose to do this paper on Tim Burtons Corpse Bride because I have always loved the colors, music, story, and even the characters. After all Emily went through she is still optimistic even in her afterlife. Victory fought through the whole movie for true love and in the end was rewarded. The characters do have ï ¬â€šaws but they are still enjoyable and relatable as well. This movie has amazing colors and lighting. Throughout the movie all the darks and lights are placed in the right spots to create a consistent mood. The characters also have so many shades of color to them. The music is just an added bonus to everything. Some of the songs fun and lively, while others are a bit more serious. Tim Burton always does a good job with his movies, and this one was no exception. While still enjoying all of the reason why I like this movie, I was watching out for all the transitions, cuts, color adjustments, and sound. Knowing that this ï ¬ lm was made by stop motion, made it a lot more interesting to experience. I know that there is only so much editing that can be contributed through a camera, while the rest must be from Final Cut. All the editing was done successfully, and if anything added more to the story and ï ¬ lm. Transitions were clean and nicely cut at appropriate spots. They were not a distraction nor did they interrupt the experience of the ï ¬ lm. The color was amazing, the darks were deep, the colors were pigmented. The editing on the contrast and saturation were perfect for the feel of the ï ¬ lm. The video and sound went very well together. I think that this was a huge factor in creating the ambience to this ï ¬ lm. The cute little features to this ï ¬ lm like how the sound goes with the ï ¬ lm was perfect. A good example is when Emily was playing the piano but her hand broke off and it continued to make the sounds of the keys with every little beat of the hand. Working this Final Cut I know how many options their are to decide between. They choose the right ones at the right time. They worked out every little detail, which Im sure took a while. Only doing a minute project took a few days, I could only imagine working on something that is two hours long. To think that this movie was created with a software that anyone has access too, and is easy enough to learn, is amazing. They did an amazing job on Corpse Bride and only inspires me as a student to reach farther and achieve higher. They successfully created a ï ¬ lm with a decent story line, amazing visuals with the use of colors, sound that enchanted the video, clean transitions from clip to clip and all together an enjoyable experience.

Qualitative Assessment of Text Difficulty Essay Example for Free

Qualitative Assessment of Text Difficulty Essay Chapter 5 aims at finding the answer whether all textbooks have to be we-written to fit the grade level of the student or they are intended only for teacher. It is argued in the chapter that many factors are important when it goes about reading of the material. Furthermore, the author suggests that sometimes material isn’t easily understood by students. Therefore the factors involved have to determine the readability of the textbook and to help student to understand it better. The factors are listed: load of concept, abstractness, format, length, sentence structure, sentence length, vocabulary and inclusiveness. The author admits that the specific materials have to be presented in proper format and style and, furthermore, they have to be easily read by students. For example, sometimes the font is too little and it is very difficult to read the text. It is suggested that sentence structure should be simple enough, though it should be concise as well to outline the main points. (Allen 2004) The teacher must also take into consideration the level of understands when reading materials. There are three levels listed: independent reading, instructional and frustrational levels. The chapter advises the Qualitative Assessment of Text Difficulty as it aims at determining difficulty rate of the specific materials. The test is qualitative and is able to assess the grade level of the material provided within the text. The chapter outlines that teachers should consider student’s interest. Nevertheless, the conclusion claims that textbooks are just created to help teachers rather than students. (Allen 2004) Chapter 6 provides detailed description of assessment process and defines the terms and definitions used in assessment. The author mentions that assessment must be used in schools, because it can used â€Å"to place more emphasis on investigation where students are in the process of learning, not just the products of their learning†. (Allen 2004, 197) Furthermore, the chapter discusses the importance of the triangular paradigm and strategies used to improve the learning process of students. The triangular paradigm pays special attention to standardizing available information. The triangle assessment involves assessment of student portfolios and informal assessment in content areas. The author admits that equity along with fairness have to be center points, because they aim at protecting students from biasness and harm. Quick standardized screening tools are used as well with the purpose to assess students in situations when information isn’t available. The chapter operates provides the following definitions and terms used to be introduced to students. Four types of assessment are involved in the method. Authentic assessment is flexible for cultural diversity and provides reading in â€Å"real† situations. Formative assessment aims at providing the constructive feedback â€Å"feedback to student prior to handing in projects†, whereas performance-based assessment is setting criteria for passing the requirements. (Allen 2004, 198) Rubrics are used to describe the set criteria. The next assessment is norm-performance assessment and its goal is to test systems used to indicate the specific ranking. Finally, aggregating and disaggregating data is known to be collection of the data available from large groups of children. Nevertheless, the weakness of this type of assessment is that it may create indifference among students. (Allen 2004) It is possible to say that the information provided in chapters 5 and 6 is of great importance as the question of textbook difficulty is a matter of concern not only in the USA, but also in the most countries of Europe. Furthermore, the chapters touch not only problems, but also provide relevant solutions of the current issue. It is impossible to agree that the textbooks are intended only to help teachers, because teachers have to consider student’s interest in the studying process. Moreover, the triangle paradigm will significantly contribute problem solving. It is necessary to outline that findings presented in the chapters significantly contribute the evidence that some textbooks are hardly readable because of small font, difficult vocabulary or sentences structure. The book chapters read lead through abundant data presented to show that the problem can be resolved. It seems that improvements in this area will lead to improvements in students’ abilities to study better. References Allen, J. (2004). Tools for teaching content literacy. Portland, Me. : Stenhouse Publishers. Wolpow, R. , Tonjes, M. (2006). Integrated content literacy (5 ed. ). Dubuque, IO: Kendall/Hunt.

A risk management strategy

A risk management strategy Introduction This report details a risk management strategy for a given organization based on Australian Standards AS4360. Risk Management Strategy details: 1 2. Rationale for managing risks and risk management objectives All companies face risk. The main rationale for managing risk is to reduce the likelihood of project failure, be it financial, schedule or performance based. A formal risk management strategy provides a structured way to highlight threats to a project success. The strategy provides advice to the project team and management to benefit the organization as a whole by assisting in the decision and planning process, identifying opportunities or threats and gaining value from changing situations. The strategy takes a proactive approach to management and allocates resources more efficiently. Reduction of loss can be reduced and stakeholder trust is improved (Australian Standards, 2004). A balance between being able to take action on opportunities versus protecting the company against loss must be decided upon. Risk management should be part of company culture so that everyone in the company has a role to play and is aware of risk management. In the early days insurance was how organizations managed risk but now it is an essential part of all management teams. According to Sadgrove (2005), there are two types of business risk, non entrepreneurial risk and entrepreneurial risk. Non entrepreneurial is for example company fraud, theft or fire. Entrepreneurial risk is for example the opening of a new shop or produces a new product. It is in the best interests for the company directors to manage risk as it applies to all manage decisions. Risk is a pre-condition for innovation, a key ingredient of a successful company (Sadgrove, 2005). Risk management objectives are to reduce company cost, disruption and unhappiness (Sadgrove, 2005). It rates which activities are worth investigating for risk and which activities do not present current risk. By identifying risks earlier, managers can better plan for their possible occurrence in the future. Further objectives and benefits to the company include improved planning, greater resource efficiency, more timely scheduling, prevention reduced costs, improved company reputation, less surprises, enhanced communication between managers and staff, reassurance of stakeholders, higher quality products and more flexible and robust contingency plans (Carol and Elizabeth, 2005). As indicated in AS4360 when formulating objective for a risk management process, they must take into account the internal and external environmental factors (Australian Standards, 2004). Risk management is growing in importance these days for a number of factors. These include tougher legislation, more expensive insurance, customers less likely to accept product failure, higher standards for public image and changing management attitudes to a more global outlook. 3. Risk strategy issues According to Sadgrove (2005), issues covered by a risk strategy may be based on operation, strategic, compliance and financial issues. Operational issues include risks associated with employees, suppliers or natural events such as rain. Strategic issues include other markets, the economy and legal issues. Compliance issues may be accounting standards, tax requirements or government legislation. Financial issues include cost issues, interest rates and profitability concerns. The areas covered by the risk strategy will be influenced by the requirements of the company and its objectives. The products and / or services it supplies and the processes and practices used by the company will also affect the type of risk strategy employed. 4. Acceptable risk tolerance. According to Fischoff, Lichtenstein, Slovic, Derby and Keeney (1981), acceptable risk describes the likelihood of an event that has two factors. Firstly, the chance of occurrence is small. Secondly, the consequence is small. s are so slight, or whose benefits (perceived or real) are so great, that individuals or groups in society are willing to take or be subjected to the risk that the event might occur. The stakeholders and managers often determine acceptable risk factors. It is based on their perception on what they believe constitutes firstly a risk and secondly whether or not it is an acceptable one. An acceptable risk determination can vary and depends on factors such as differences in values, different requirements, project assumptions, concerns, concepts as they relate to the project being considered. According to AS4360, (Australian Standards, 2004), a team approach is very effective in determining and identifying risks more effectively. Risks are compared against a set of criteria from which priorities are set. The decision is then made to either treat the risks if they are deemed unacceptable or to continue to monitor and review the risks if they are currently viewed as acceptable. The risk criteria which is used to determine whether a risk a acceptable or not is based on financial, operational, humanitarian, legal, technical, social, environmental, or other criteria. The risk is evaluated and decisions are made about which risks need attention. The company or organization must make a decision on how much risk it is willing to accept as part of normal business practice. This level can then be set as the benchmark and gives the company a tolerance level to work with. This tolerance may depend on the maturity of the risk management plan, experience of management, data available f or consideration and other important factors. Some firms want to accept new ventures with higher risks while other companies want to maintain a steady course. Often young companies with less to lose will take larger risks where as older individuals may not wish to risk as much (Sadgrove, 2005). The acceptable risk tolerance depends on the reward. As the risk increases so to must the reward in order to make it worthwhile. 5. Risk infrastructure, management, identification, assessment and treatment. A company, which has a risk management strategy in place, needs an appropriate policy plan and an adequate support system in place to ensure the strategy is implemented correctly (Australian Standards, 2004). According to AS4360, in assessing the risks once they have been identified, there are three general types of analysis. These are qualitative analysis, Semi-quantitative analysis and Quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis may be used as an initial tool to identify preliminary risks which are to be analyzed in more detail later. It should be combined with factual information when it is able to be sourced. Semi-quantitative analysis must be used with care since the data chosen to support the qualitative words may be misleading that can lead to inappropriate outcomes. Quantitative analysis depends on the accuracy of the numerical values and they may be expressed in terms of the criteria initially set by the risk identification. According to an article by the Project Management Institute (Project Management Institute, 2008), if you dont identify risk areas and have a response plan then possible tough times may be ahead. By beginning with a brainstorming session, and including a wide cross-section of stakeholders from many levels throughout the company, possible problems on the way to success may be identified. Ms. Reed, a vice president of an American project management firm notes that when running such meetings criticism should be left at the door, otherwise it may turn into an unorganized discussion. 6. Risk management responsibilities. Risk identification, assessment and treatment. System review, documentation and maintenance. Responsibilities for the risk management process should be detailed in the risk management plan and this plan should also detail how the plan shall be conducted throughout the organization. Treatment plans may either be separate from the risk management plan or included with it. An example of an organization which follows the AS4360 guidelines is the State Records Department of the New South Wales Government in Australia (NSW Government State Records. 2009). With their plan, senior management are allocated the responsibility of ensuring that the risk analysis, identification and assessment procedure are implemented regularly. They are also responsible for managing the budget allocated for the risk management strategy and ensuring that it is implemented to protect the records and systems of the State Records Department. The review of their systems is continuous as is stated in the AS4360 guidelines. According to the AS4360 guidelines (Australian Standards, 2004), few risks remain static. Continual review is essential to ensure that the risk management strategy remains relevant. The Risk Assessment will be continuously monitored and updated throughout the life of a given project, with monthly assessments included in the status report and open to amendment by the Project Manager. The company senior directors and executives are responsible for managing risk in their organization. All employees are responsible for the risk management within their given areas of managerial responsibility. The risk management plan can be broken down into specific sections based on different functions and areas within the project. Each area should have a separate plan, consist with the main company risk management plan, that details risks most relevant for their particular team and sub project requirements and concerns. The project manager for each team is responsible for the management of each risk management plan and ensuring his or her team is under the watch of the localized plan. This manager must also however ensure that the risks of the organizational risk management plan are also kept in mind. The senior staff of an organization must also be committed to the risk management strategy of all these senior managers (Australian Standards, 2004). Documentation to record details of risks must be generated to record priorities and highlight changes in risk priorities. Reports should record treatments and if incidents occur the lessons learned should be recorded. The entire risk management plan system progress should also be documented as a whole. 7. Risk management documentation requirements. A common tool used in the documentation of risk management system is the risk matrix. The risk matrix is a table used in risk analysis in which rows show the risks and columns show their likelihood or probability of occurrence and their impact. For each important business function or area, a risk matrix can be created. Often numerical values from one, meaning no impact, to five, meaning maximum impact, can be assigned for each function. This simple approach to documenting risk can provide a useful set of raw data from which appropriate plans can be devised. Many larger organizations also use this simple approach (National Computing Centre, 2009). 8. Risk management system budgets and its determination. Such a risk management strategy has a cost associated with it and this cost must be balanced against the cost of the potential loss if it were to occur (Microsoft Press, 2009). Through the application of risk management methodologies, a company can manage risk levels so that it does not reach a determined unacceptable level. The budget size for a risk management system will of course depend on the size of the company, its complexity and the responsibilities of the manager in charge of the risk management program (Sadrove, 2005, p55). A good policy is to make the risk management services free to departments and only charge the departments when they make a loss. By charging them when mistakes are made the managers are more likely to seek help and pay more close attention to the risk management strategy. This is better than just waiting for an issue to occur. Too much investment in risk management will burden the company and make it uncompetitive. Underinvestment in risk management will make it more vulnerable and likely to receive expensive incident costs. The optimal position is somewhere in the middle (Sadgrove, 2005, p14). Mochal (2006), shows that a risk management system budget can be established by basing it on the Expected Monetary Value (EVM) index. For each risk there are two parameters assigned. Firstly, the probability that the risk will occur and secondly the impact to the project if the risk occurs. If this is completed for all the risks the potential impact to the project can be calculated. Hence the risk management system budget should reflect the impact of the risk and the likelihood that it will happen. According to AS4360, if the budget for the risk management system is restricted, there should be a clear priority order for the risk treatments. 9. Risk management policy approval and its source. Senior management should review and endorse the risk management policy for an organization. The source of the policy should come from all higher end managers concerned as well as all concerned stakeholders. Dialogue with key internal and external stakeholders should be undertaken as to avoid a one way flow of information. Stakeholders often have different views on what should be ranked as high-risk priorities due to factors such as differences in values, requirements concepts and concerns about the project concerned (Australian Standards, 2004). References Alexander, C., Sheedy, E. 2005. The Professional Risk Managers Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Current Theory and Best Practices. PRMIA Publications. Fischoff, B.; Lichtenstein, S.; Slovic, P.; Derby, S. L.; and Keeney, R. L. 1981. Acceptable Risk. Cambridge. UK, Cambridge University Press. Microsoft Press. 2009. Why Manage Risks Formally? Retrieved on 5th October, 2009 from http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc500373.aspx Mochal, T. (2006). Create a risk contingency budget using Expected Monetary Value (EMV). Retrieved on 5th October, 2009 from http://articles.techrepublic.com.com/5100-10878_11-6069576.html National Computing Centre. 2009. A matrix approach to risk assessment. Retrieved on 5th October 2009 from http://www.nccmembership.co.uk/pooled/articles/BF_WEBART/view.asp?Q=BF_WEBART_113283 NSW Government State Records. 2009. Risk Assessment. Retrieved on 5th October, 2009 from http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/recordkeeping/government-recordkeeping-manual/guidance/guidelines/guideline-5/guideline-5-part-3 Project Management Institute. 2009. Risk Identification Uncover project troubles before they blow up. Retrieved on 5th October 2009 from http://www.pmi.org/Pages/Risk_Identification.aspx Sadgrove, K. (2005). The complete guide to business risk management. England, Gower Publishing Limited. Standards Australia. 2004. Australian/New Zealand Standard AS 4360 2004. Australia, Standards Australia International Limited.

George Washington Carver Essay -- essays research papers

George Washington Carver 	George Washington Carver was born in Diamond, Missouri at about 1865 as a slave child on Moses and Susan’s farm. Born and raised by his mother Mary, George was always having a whooping cough. One cold night, night raiders or slave robbers, came and took Mary and George from their home. The Carvers hired their neighbor, John Bentley, to go and find Mary and George. When John returned he had only brought back George and said that his mother could not be found. This was the beginning of George Washington Carver’s life. 	Since George was a very sick child and always having a whooping cough, he was given the job of working around the house and his favorite job, working in the garden. When George was not tending the garden or doing house chores he was always roaming the nearby woods and streams. He explored anything unusual such as reptile and insects. George kept his own frog collection and geological finds in a place where nobody could find as he would watch them progress. He had his own nursery in the woods and learned how to turn sick plants to healthy plants. This helped him be friendly with his neighbors and gained him the name "plant doctor." George had his own playmates to play childhood games with. Though his parents and playmates were white, he developed a strong friendship with most everybody and continued contact with them even after he left his hometown. The nighttime was about the same as everybody’s, except George and his brother went out to explore while the elders were asleep. During the night he would observe plants and also have fun riding sheep until punished by his parents. George learned very quickly. He mastered everything that was taught to him. This life style helped him become aware of his special talents before the difference of his skin color. Having white friends and white parents, George was excepted by anybody he came into contact with. He had a strong religious faith. There was no official religion for him, but he attended a little Locust Grove Church. While attending this church, he received religious practicing from a large variety of Methodist, Baptist, Campbellite, and Presbyterian circuit preachers. This gave George an unorthodox and nondenominational faith that would stay with him for the rest of his life. Part of that faith was a deep belief in revelation being give... ... nutritional value and could be used in cooking and baking. Over the years he invented many useful ways to use peanuts. Many synthetic products were also developed by George such as the ones listed below. Adhesives Axle GreaseBleach ButtermilkCheese Chili SauceCream CreosoteDyesFlour Fuel BriquettesInkInstant Coffee Insulating BoardLinoleumMayonnaiseMealMeat Tenderizer 	Metal PolishMilk FlakesMucilagePaperRubbing OilsSalveSoil ConditionerShampooShoe PolishShaving CreamSugarSynthetic MarbleSynthetic RubberTalcum PowderVanishing CreamWood StainsWood FillerWorcestershire Sauce Source: Hattie Carwell. Blacks in Science: Astrophysicist to Zoologist (Hicksville, N.Y.: Exposition Press), 1977. 	It is no doubt that George Washington Carver had a major impact on our lives. From everything he accomplished and everything he developed the world may not have been that same, thanks to him. George died on January 5th, 1943 at 7:30 P.M. He was laid to rest near the grave of Booker T. Washington. Before his death, he created the George Washington Carver Foundation in which Henry Ford was the trustee. In Tuskegee, Alabama is where the George Washington Carver Museum is located.

Essay --

Throughout Jewish History we have seen significant transitions from 2,000 B.C.E. to 1492 C.E. These transitions changed many different aspects of Jewish life. There are three specific events or turning points that caused tremendous change in Jewish life and had many ramifications. These three events were the Formation of the United Monarchy, the Rise of Hellenism and the Golden Age of Spain. Each of these transitions impacted Judaism in different ways that changed it forever. The different groups of people involved changed different parts of Jewish life including linguistics, politics, traditions, and literature. The United Monarchy took place between 1020 and 921 B.C.E. It was the transition between a tribal society and an actual form of government. In this monarchy, Samuel appointed Saul to be the first King. Saul was replaced by King David and eventually was followed by Solomon. This era was the most documented era throughout Biblical history. During this time period, David was God’s right hand man. Jewish people believed that the Messiah was once a living King somewhere in the Davidic bloodline. They believe the Messiah in the Bible was a human King. The word Messiah means â€Å"anointed one†. David is the one who brings together loose tribes into a government. He institutes many new things like scribe culture and census records. This becomes known as the prototype for the ideal Jewish monarch. He establishes the city of Jerusalem or the â€Å"City of David†. His legacy becomes a major theme in Jewish history. Through him, the First temple was built for worship and f or sacrifice in 950 B.C.E. This temple was extremely important to the Jewish people. It was the center for worship and politics for the kingdom of Judah. The Babylonians e... ...ed, you sent Seraphim to tell him of your great goodness. They sat down beside me and then Michael said: â€Å"This is God’s message who pleads your cause: ‘On the day that you cross waters of sorrow I am with you. When the enemy draws near, the rivers will not drowned you.’ † These three transitions had a huge effect on Jewish life in many different ways and were major turning points in Jewish history. In all three of these periods the Jews underwent many changes in their lives in many different categories. Although massive changes were made, in each of these eras the Jews somehow managed to keep their cultural identity even while adapting to other ways of life. They never lost sight of their heritage. Therefore, the Formation of the United Monarchy, the Rise of Hellenism and the Golden Age of Spain were the three most important points of ruptures in Jewish history.

Core Identity :: essays research papers

Historically, societies have had a great deal of influence over the individuals making up their respective civilization. Every society, regardless of how autonomous their society allows their populous to be, directly and indirectly extends a level of control. Self-governing persons often think of themselves as immune to society’s invisible sway; and to varying degrees they are however, their core identity is ultimately shaped and molded by interacting with other members of humanity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I hear a proverb such as â€Å"pull yourself up by the bootstraps† or â€Å"I’m the captain of my ship† it stirs feelings of sovereignty and freedom and the ability to whatever I want, whenever I want. In some cases these statements are true, if for example one wanted to go the movies, that person could simply get in their car and go to the movies. Perfect example of being â€Å"the captain of your own ship† Seems to be a sound statement, but what if the person didn’t have money to see the movie, or couldn’t walk to the movies because they didn’t have legs due to an injury during the Gulf War. Now it appears that his â€Å"ship has been commandeered†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The above case in point is an example of how society will have a â€Å"hand on the rudder of everyone’s ship† Even if that individual decided he was going to the movies, circumstances beyond his control have dictated what he can and cannot do in certain situations. Because of the war this individual had no legs, because he had no legs he didn’t have a job, because he had no job, he had no money consequently; he wasn’t going to the movies. Proverbs like â€Å"being the captain of your own ship† are merely motivational anecdotes that help alleviate the sometimes harsh certainty that is one’s potential. Everything an individual does is governed in some fashion by the constraints put upon him or her by society and their relevant place in society.

Hrm in South Africa

International Human Resource Management Your assignment is to take a country of your choice and consider how the human resource management function has been shaped by the internal and external contexts. Conclude your assignment with some suggestions as to what the future might hold for the field of HRM in your chosen country. The idea behind the module is for you to explore the meaning and implications of the concepts and ideas of international and comparative human resource management. There is no one way of defining and understanding the nature and purpose of HRM.HRM varies according to the cultural and institutional environment in which it is conducted. It is suggested that you choose a country with which you are familiar, perhaps your home country, as this may enable you to provide examples to support your analysis. However, the important point is to choose a country that may be readily researched by access to texts and other available information. Assessment criteria: These are referred to in your Handbook. However, as a guide you need to show understanding of the various concepts and ideas discussed in the sessions, including knowledge of the perspectives to the employment relationship.This will include the extent to which culture impacts upon the relationship; how political, economic and social contexts influence the relationships; indicate some understanding of differing approaches to management development and have some understanding of the importance of employee relations. Brief outline of the essential criteria: Distinction – an assignment demonstrating wide coverage and understanding of the subject, including a strong critical analysis and evaluation. Commendation – an assignment demonstrating wide coverage and understanding of the subject, with some critical analysis and evaluation.Pass – an assignment demonstrating wide coverage and understanding of the subject, but mainly description rather than critical analysis and evaluati on. Structure Choose a country that has been researched in the past†¦ i. e. a place where HRM practices are commented on and discussed. Consider and comment on internal and external context that have influenced HRM factors CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF EXISTING RESEARCH Conclude with recommendations, as well as suggestions as to what the future may hold for HRM in the country of choice. An analysis of current HRM practices in the Republic of South Africa IntroductionThis study will investigate and explore two to three aspects of HRM practises within the Republic of South Africa. In order to gain an insight into how the country functions, it will be important to understand the various internal and external factors that may have influenced current HRM practices. South Africa is a multicultural country with a rapidly growing economy, and is widely seen as one of the most stable democracies in Africa, having recently emerged from the infamous apartheid era. The South African economy is the largest in the continent, and the 28th largest in the world.The country lobbied heavily, and was eventually invited to join the economic and political organisation BRICS in 2011 (Smith 2011), and has just successfully hosted the annual BRICS conference (2013) for the first time. Concerns have however been expressed over whether South Africa deserves its place among the BRICS, as the country has the lowest levels of government spending, life expectancy, and literacy rates within the group, while the South African GDP comprises just 2. 5% of that of the combined BRICS’s GDP (Smith, 2013).In addition, while the populations of India and China stand at over a billion people, South Africa has a population of 50 million of which almost a quarter are unemployed and live on less than ? 1 a day (Seria & Cohen, 2009). This high poverty level is a major contributor to the crime rates in South Africa, with Johannesburg being infamous for its high levels of crime (Diseko, 2010). The most c oncerning crime considered to be the extent of rape and violence against women in South Africa. With two rapes occurring every minute (Itano, 2003), a typical South African woman is estimated to have a 40% chance of being raped (Middleton, 2011).Domestic violence is also reportedly high, with statistics suggesting that one woman is killed by her husband/partner every eight hours in South Africa (Faul 2013). The practice of ‘corrective rape’ is a major problem, which is based on the incorrect belief that the rape of lesbians can ‘cure’ them of homosexuality (Mufweba, 2003). The South African government is well aware of all these problems, and has made a number of attempts to tackle them head on, including the amendment and strengthening of laws that deal with sexual offences.The government notes that the problem â€Å"is reflective of deep-seated, systemic dysfunction in our society† (Government Gazette South Africa, 2007). Diseko (2010) argues that t he high crime levels have had a massive impact upon the South African economy, with recent research showing that the country has been experiencing a brain drain (Kok, 2006). Moolman (2012) highlights cases of high numbers of skilled engineers and other professionals emigrating to MDRs (More Developed Regions) such as Australia and North America.Dreyer, cited in Moolman (2012) argues that while South Africa holds 80% of the world’s chromium, manganese, gold and platinum reserves, the shortage of skilled workers means that costs are becoming too high for the industry to be profitable. The statistics for 2001 show that only 181 managers or skilled professionals immigrated to South Africa from MDRs, with 645 going the opposite way (Statistics South Africa 2003, cited in Kok, 2006). These statistics highlight the struggle that South Africa faces with regard to the attraction and retention of talented skilled workers to help keep its economic growth on an upward trajectory.However, Diseko (2010) argues that this phenomenon is reversing, and cites South Africa’s rapidly growing economy and political stability have seen it once again become a ‘net importer’ of skilled workers. He claims that South Africa now appears an attractive proposition to South African expatriates as well as foreign skilled workers, and argues that this ‘net import’ of skilled workers is driven by economic factors such as the recession within MDRs, such as Europe and North America. Cultural factors are also vitally important within the business environment, as they affect the context of business and social interactions.Hofstede has developed a In order to understand the cultural aspect of South Africa countryHofstede (2013) This essay will explore current HRM practices in South Africa, with three major aims Identify your country of choice Justify your choice of country Provide a contemporary overview of the country (50 words) Identify the cultural features of your chosen country using Hofstede or another cultural theorist Explain how those cultural features impact upon HR practices in that country (100 words) Identify the PESTLE factors affecting your chosen country. Explain how those PESTLE factors impact upon HR practices in that country. 100 words) What might the future hold for HR in your chosen country? (50 words) These areas will be investigated through a review of existing literature, which will be critically analysed in order to identify areas that may be developed in future. Definition – highly debated, as various HR practitioners define this in different ways. Macey & Schneider (2008) argue that the term is used to describe behaviours, traits and psychological states, and their associated outcomes. Access Talk about how the new educational processes being introduced will enhance variation among the talent pool if it works. ttp://geert-hofstede. com/imprint. html http://geert-hofstede. com/dimensions. html SA at the m oment may have the need for people and have the people, but the skills of the people may not match up to the requirements. what has been driving the change, crime rate in johannesburg, violence, more economic potential than actual, growing quite fast, next to BRICKSA is the definition of emerging economies going to include SA? Look at growth rate of BRICKSA economies and  compare to European and US economy. TABLE Stagnation in western economies, but is growth being shown as a comparative within the BRICKSA economies.References Diseko, L, (2010), â€Å"South Africa’s brain drain generation returning home†, Available at: [http://articles. cnn. com/2010-11-18/world/south. africa. migration_1_south-africans-violent-crime-job-seekers? _s=PM:WORLD], Accessed on: 15/03/13 Erasmus, B, Van Wyk, M, Schenk, H, (2003), â€Å"South African Human Resource Management – Theory & Practice (3rd Edition)â€Å" Formeset, Epping, Cape Town Faul, M, (2013), â€Å"South Africa vi olence against women rate highest in the world†, Available at: [http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2013/03/08/south-africa-violence-against-women_n_2837804. tml], Accessed on: 03/08/13 Government Gazzette South Africa, (2007) [Online], â€Å"Criminal law (Sexual offences and related matters) Amendment Act 2007†, Available at: [http://www. info. gov. za/view/DownloadFileAction? id=77866], Accessed on: 12/03/13 HRPractice, (2011), [Online], â€Å"Findings from a pilot survey†, Available at: [http://www. hrpractice. co. za/newsletters-online/200907. html] Accessed on:12/02/13 Itano, N, (2003), [Online], â€Å"South Africa begins getting tough on rape†, Available at: [http://womensenews. org/story/rape/030224/south-africa-begins-getting-tough-rape#.UVB2sBzIbX4], Accessed on: 15/03/13 Macey, WH, & Schneider, B, (2008), â€Å"The meaning of employee engagement†, Industrial & Organisational Psychology, Volume 1, pp. 3-30 Middleton, L, (2011), â€Å"Correctiv e rape: Fighting a South African scourge†, Available at: [http://www. time. com/time/world/article/0,8599,2057744,00. html], Accessed on: 12/03/13 Moolman, S, (2012), [Online], â€Å"The brain drain continues†, Available at: [http://www. miningweekly. com/article/the-brain-drain-continues-2012-08-10], Accessed on:15/03/13 Mufweba, Y, (2003), [Online], â€Å"’Corrective rape makes you an African woman’†,Available at: [http://www. iol. co. za/news/south-africa/corrective-rape-makes-you-an-african-woman-1. 116543#. UVB9mhzIbX4], Accessed on: 14/03/13 Seria, N, & Cohen, M, (2009), [Online], â€Å"South Africa’s unemployment rate approaches 23. 5%†, Available at: [http://www. bloomberg. com/apps/news? pid=newsarchive&sid=aoB7RbcZCRfU], Accessed on:14/03/13 Smith, D, (2013), [Online], â€Å"South Africa: More of a briquette than a BRIC†, Available at: [http://www. guardian. co. uk/world/2013/mar/24/south-africa-bric-developing-economy ], Accessed on:13/03/13 SA HR Best Practice Summit Reportback http://www. hrfuture. et/education-and-training/sa-hr-best-practice-summit-reportback. php? Itemid=265 ARE YOUR EMPLOYEES ENGAGED? http://www. hrpractice. co. za/news/news. html http://www. info. gov. za/view/DownloadFileAction? id=117580 Human resource practices and discrimination in South Africa: overcoming the apartheid legacy http://www. ingentaconnect. com/content/routledg/rijh/2002/00000013/00000007/art00008 Managing human resources in South Africa: A multinational firm focus http://www. emeraldinsight. com/books. htm? chapterid=1761939 http://books. google. co. uk/books? id=uilaYjWdvN4C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Bladder Cancer

BLADDER CANCER bladder crabmeat is the growth of crab lo expendous cells in the urinary vesica. Most forms of vesica crabmeat sop up in the superficial layer of the transitional epithelium, and most oft hit the transitional cells. It whitethorn likewise be called transitional cell carcinoma or even urothelial carcinoma. Urothelial carcinoma is also a term make use ofd for transitional cell crabmeat in the nephritic pelvis, ureters, and urethra. Bladder cancer is a comparatively common disease.It is the fourth wind cancer among men (following prostate, lung, colorectal cancers), and the tenth leading cancer among women occurring in men virtually triad times more often than women. Like most types of cancer, vesica cancer usually involves epithelial cells, in this case, the transitional epithelium that lines the urinary vesica. Constant repetitious disablement to the epithelium causes the mature cells to die. This stimulates fast replication in the basal layer, and in brief new colonies of immature cells migrate to the surface.These new cells are easily disrupted by genetic mutations and may stimulate malignant growths that cause bleeding into the bladder. The causes of bladder cancer vary according to medical tarradiddle and geographical location. People who suffer had pelvic radiation for early(a) problems and people who have had chronic infections, bladder st sensations, or catheter use are at an increase luck for developing bladder cancer. In Africa, Asia, and southbound America, bladder cancer is associated with a proper(postnominal) parasitic infection, called Schistosoma haematobium.In the united States and industrial countries, most cases of bladder cancer are directly cerebrate to more controllable factors. The transitional epithelium of the bladder seems to be particularly susceptible to damage from environmental toxins. Several genetic mutations that secure the bodys ability to soggy down tumor growth or invasion ha ve been linked to bladder cancer. These mutations are frequently triggered by exposure to carcinogenic substances. About half of bladder cancer cases are believed to be related to cigarette smoking.Other contributing factors overwhelm exposure to aromatic chemicals used in dry cleaning fluid, hairdressing chemicals, and stuff and rubber industries. The earliest most near sign of bladder cancer is hematuria (blood in the pissing). The piss of a bladder cancer unhurried is often perceptibly reddened or rust colored, although the patient has no particular pain in the early stages of the disease. If the tumors continue to grow and fill deeper layers of the bladder, secondary symptoms may develop.These are the resultant role of mechanical pressure, including the bladder irritability (painful urination, increased frequency of urinating, reduced urine output) and contraction on the rectum, pelvic lymph nodes, and any opposite structures that may be in the way. In order to diagn ose bladder cancer, urine samples may be tested to find out for shedding cancer cells, and a digital rectal exam (or a pelvic exam if the patient is a woman) provides instruction about tumors.Other diagnostic techniques implicate using dye to stain the urine and make the bladder easy to radiograph. proper(postnominal) markers for bladder cancer have tardily been identified, but tests to find them are not yet consistently accurate or widely available. However, continued development in this area show a promising future toward the early detection and preaching of this disease. How to treat bladder cancer depends on the stage at diagnosis.Surgeons can use a diminutive wire eyelet at the end of a cystoscope to demand abnormal tissue, or another bill may be used to flame up the tumor away with electricity. More incursive surgeries may remove part or the entire bladder, and if signs of pelvic metastasis are present, other tissues as well. Urine flow may be routed out of the bod y finished a stoma, or a material body of surgeries have been developed to form synthetic bladders from parts of the large or small intestine. In addition to surgery, radiation and chemotherapy may be used in the booking against bladder cancer.More than 70% of bladder cancer diagnoses are made when the cells affect only superficial layers of tissue. Of course, this is excellent intelligence because the survival rate for cancers caught early is much better than for cancers caught in stage three or later. Even so, bladder cancer has an unusual habit of growing in several places at once, so although it may be possible to catch wholeness or two tumors, any infrared third, fourth, and fifth tumors may not become symptomatic for another several months.This room that the reoccurrence rate for bladder cancer is astonishingly high up to 80% portion of bladder cancer patients have at least one reoccurrence. The relation surrounded by bladder cancer and carcinogenic substances is o ne of the most clearly demonstrated links between environmental exposures and cancer. The good news show is the bladder cancer is probably a completely preventable disease, if exposure to the carcinogenic substances is limited or eradicated. References Bladder Cancer. (2008).Retrieved 30 January, 2009, from Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical fostering and Research Web site http//www. mayoclinic. com/ health/bladder-cancer/DS00177 General Information about Bladder Cancer. (2008). Retrieved 30 January, 2009, from National Cancer lend Web site http//www. cancer. gov/cancertopics/types/bladder wellness Information Bladder Cancer. (2008). Retrieved 30 January, 2009, from University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinic power Web site http//apps. uwhealth. org/health/ ex/hie/1/000486. htm

“How to Poison the Earth” by Linnea Saukko Essay

The two main(prenominal) purposes Linnea Saukko has in How to Poison the Earth are ingratiatory and referential aims. She uses examples classification and descriptions to help the contributor break-dance understand the future of the planet if serviceman take for on the same path of destruction.The main modes she uses in the initiatory separate are cause and nitty-gritty, and posterior classification of pollution into base urine and fashion methods is used Saukko starts the essay pip by saying, intoxication the estate tolerate be difficult because the earth is al counsels trying to cleanse and renew itself. She not totally uses sarcasm to make reader find what she is saying is meant to taken literally, but she classifies the main methods to acerbate the earth. She stress the need for toxic chemicals like uranium-238, plutonium, PCB, and DDT. on with the need to spread those chemicals around the earth, she starts to persuade the reader that if those two parts happe n, we pull up stakes poison the earth.The nigh two paragraphs she emphasizes several ways to spread the toxins into the plateful of the earth. She classifies those into deep-well and shallow-well injections, and trenching. The deep-well injections are to ensure that the earth is poisoned all the way to the substance, while the shallow-well injections are to contaminate ground body of water aquifers. In paragraph two she gives the reader examples of deep-well and shallow-well injections and how these allow for ensure that the core is poisoned. The third paragraph ties to the second by explaining that if humans place dumps by groundwater that this method and shallow-well injections allow poison the water. Saukko sarcastically states that since there are only 50,000 dumps in the United States, they should be fixed in areas where they will leak to the surrounding ground and surface water.In paragraphs four, five, and six Saukko uses cause and resultant role to show how to adop t pesticides and other poisons to lakes, rivers, and oceans. She explains that if plants absorb the pesticides, and so the poison will end up in the ground water. She again sarcastically implies that surface water is very important to contaminate because it will carry-over the poisons to places that cannot be contaminated directly. It is important for ground water to be poisoned so that lakes will be poisoned, since lakes can hold the poisons. The problem she talks about next is the rivers. Rivers proceed like a natural drip before water flows into the ocean. That is a cleansing effect where the problem lies.In the sixth paragraph she explains how the oceans act as a natural buffer for the toxins. She consequently evaluates that the only way to stop this buffer is to dump directly into the ocean. This will not only bemire the buffer, but transport toxins to places that cannot be reached otherwise.In the seventh paragraph she continues with the transportation by going into th e institutionalize transportation part. She evaluates the cause and effect of combustion and dehydration to make acid rain. The acid rain destroys very few lakes and living animals, so the pollution will stay in the lakes, oceans, and rivers. She then explains that since the lower atm can cleanse itself fairly easily, we must have a fit nuclear test bombs. The effect of this is that the radiation will circle the earth for years and destroy the atmosphere. precisely gravity will bring pull virtually of the radioactive particles to earth. The only way to fight the lento decreasing radiation is to continue to set off nuclear bombs.Linnea Saukkos essay is very effective. She uses ingratiatory and referential purposes to catch the readers attention, with sarcasm, and bring to attention the main methods to vote out the planet. At first the essay seems to be aimed at promoting what will kill the planet, but later on it is informative on what we need to be aware of so that we do no t kill the planet. The author provides more in depth ways of killing the planet, but for the most part Saukko makes a basic outline on how to prevent poisoning of the earth.